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children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "枚举类型的作用" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "通过列举可能的成员来定义一种类型，所有可能的值称为", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "枚举成员" }), "，适用于需要明确所有可能取值的场景（如扑克牌花色）。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "枚举类型与值的区别" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "• ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "枚举类型" }), "：包含所有可能的成员（如 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "PokerSuit" }), "）。\n• ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "枚举值" }), "：具体某个成员的实例（如 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "PokerSuit::Hearts" }), "）。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "定义语法" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-rust", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: 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children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "enum" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token type-definition class-name", children: "Result" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "T" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "E" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "{" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Ok" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: 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children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#二枚举与数据关联", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "二、枚举与数据关联"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "成员关联数据" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "枚举成员可携带任意类型的数据（值、结构体、字符串等），实现数据与类型的绑定。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-rust", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-rust code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "enum" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token type-definition class-name", children: "PokerCard" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "{" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Clubs" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "u8" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Spades" 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_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "char" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "不同成员的不同数据类型" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "同一枚举的不同成员可关联不同类型的数据，如数值和字符："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-rust", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-rust code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "let" }), " c1 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "PokerCard" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "::" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Spades" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "let" }), " c2 ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "PokerCard" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "::" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Diamonds" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token char", children: "'A'" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsx(_components.p, { children: _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "复杂数据关联示例" }) }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-rust", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-rust code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "enum" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token type-definition class-name", children: "Message" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "{" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Quit" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Move" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "{" }), " x", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "i32" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "i32" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token comment", children: "// 匿名结构体" }), "\n"] }), 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_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "i32" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "三option枚举处理空值", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#三option枚举处理空值", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "三、Option枚举：处理空值"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["有关泛型编程：", _jsx(_components.a, { href: "/Rust%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E6%B3%9B%E5%9E%8B", className: "internal new", children: "Rust中的泛型" })] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "替代空值（Null）" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Option" }), " 枚举用于表示值可能存在（", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Some(T)" }), "）或不存在（", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "None" }), "），避免空指针错误。"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-rust", children: 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_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "None" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "使用特点" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "• 包含在标准库的 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "prelude" }), " 中，无需显式引入。\n• ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Some(T)" }), " 和 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "None" }), " 可直接使用。\n• 必须显式处理 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Option" }), " 的潜在空值。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "类型安全" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Option" }), " 与 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "T" }), " 是不同的类型，无法直接运算，强制开发者处理空值："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-rust", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-rust code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "let" }), " x", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "i8" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ";" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "let" }), " y", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ":" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Option" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "i8" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "=" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "Some" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "(" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "5" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token 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", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token number", children: "1" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [" ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "解构数据" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "在 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "match" }), " 分支中解构 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "Some" }), " 携带的值："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-rust", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: 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_jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "五枚举-vs-结构体", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#五枚举-vs-结构体", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "五、枚举 vs 结构体"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "统一类型处理" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "• ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "枚举" }), "：同一枚举的不同成员属于相同类型，可统一处理（如函数传参）。", _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "• ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "结构体" }), "：每个结构体是独立类型，需分别处理。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "代码内聚性" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "枚举将相关数据集中管理，提升代码可读性和维护性（如消息处理场景）。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "六实战应用示例", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#六实战应用示例", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "六、实战应用示例"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.ol, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "网络连接处理" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "使用枚举统一处理不同类型的连接（如 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "TcpStream" }), " 和 ", _jsx(_components.code, { className: "language-auto", children: "TlsStream" }), "）："] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.pre, { className: "language-rust", children: _jsxs(_components.code, { className: "language-rust code-highlight", children: [_jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token keyword", children: "enum" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token type-definition class-name", children: "WebSocket" }), " ", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "{" 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_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "token namespace", children: ["native_tls", _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "::" })] }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "TlsStream" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: "<" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token class-name", children: "TcpStream" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token operator", children: ">>" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: ")" }), _jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "," }), "\n"] }), _jsxs(_components.span, { className: "code-line", children: [_jsx(_components.span, { className: "token punctuation", children: "}" }), "\n"] })] }) }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.li, { children: ["\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: [_jsx(_components.strong, { children: "简化复杂逻辑" }), _jsx(_components.br, {}), "\n", "在需要处理多种可能状态时（如文件操作、协议解析），枚举可减少代码冗余。"] }), "\n"] }), "\n"] }), "\n", _jsx(_components.hr, {}), "\n", _jsxs(_components.h2, { id: "七总结", children: [_jsx(_components.a, { className: "heading-link", href: "#七总结", children: _jsx(_components.svg, { xmlns: "http:www.w3.org/2000/svg", fill: "#ab2b65", viewBox: "0 0 20 20", className: "w-5 h-5", children: _jsx(_components.path, { fillRule: "evenodd", clipRule: "evenodd", d: "M9.493 2.853a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L7.545 6H4.198a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.69 5H3.302a.75.75 0 000 1.5h3.14l-.435 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L7.955 14h2.986l-.434 3.148a.75.75 0 001.486.205L12.456 14h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.69-5h3.346a.75.75 0 000-1.5h-3.14l.435-3.147a.75.75 0 00-1.486-.205L12.045 6H9.059l.434-3.147zM8.852 7.5l-.69 5h2.986l.69-5H8.852z" }) }) }), "七、总结"] }), "\n", _jsxs(_components.p, { children: ["• ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "核心优势" }), "：提供类型安全的多种可能性表示，支持数据关联和模式匹配。\n• ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "适用场景" }), "：替代空值、统一处理多态数据、状态机实现等。\n• ", _jsx(_components.strong, { children: "设计哲学" }), "：通过编译器强制处理所有可能情况，提升代码健壮性。"] })] }); } function MDXContent(props = {}) { const {wrapper: MDXLayout} = { ..._provideComponents(), ...props.components }; return MDXLayout ? _jsx(MDXLayout, { ...props, children: _jsx(_createMdxContent, { ...props }) }) : _createMdxContent(props); } return { default: MDXContent };